Heart and cardiac treatment

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States as of 2007. Thus Cardiac surgery is a procedure on the heart and/or vessels performed by a specialized trained surgeon. Some of the common heart diseases are- Coronary heart disease, Cardiovasculaysteinemia and hypercholes

The heart in our human body is a muscular organ in all vertebrates responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in annelids, mollusks, and arthropods. The term cardiac means "related to the heart" and comes from the Greek word 'kardia', for "heart."Heart of a vertebrate is composed of cardiac muscle, an involuntary muscle tissue which is found only within this organ. The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per minute, will beat approximately 2.5 billion times during a lifetime (about 66 years). It weighs on average 250 g to 300g in females and 300 g to 350 g in males. Cardiac surgery is the surgery on the heart and/or great vessels performed by a surgeon. Often, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease created by various causes including endocarditis. These also include heart transplantation.

Open heart surgery
In this kind of surgery, the patient's chest is opened and surgery is performed on the heart. The term "open" refers to the chest, not to the heart itself. The heart may or may not be opened depending on the particular type of surgery. Doctors realized the limitations of hypothermia - complex intracardiac repairs take more time and the patient needs blood flow to the body (and particularly the brain); the patient needs the function of the heart and lungs provided by an artificial method, hence the term cardiopulmonary bypass.

Angioplasty
This is the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel; typically as a result of atherosclerosis. In this procedure tightly folded balloons are passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size using water pressures some 75 to 500 times normal blood pressure (6 to 20 atmospheres). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), commonly known as 'coronary angioplasty' is a therapeutic procedure to treat the stenotic (narrowed) coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease. These stenotic segments are due to the build up of cholesterol-laden plaques that form due to atherosclerosis.
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